Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general molecular formula for carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$C_nH_{2n}O_n$

Question 2

A biologist discovers a sugar with the formula $C_5H_{10}O_5$. Which of the following statements is most accurate about this molecule?

Accepted Answer

It is a pentose monosaccharide.

Question 3

Which structural feature distinguishes an aldose from a ketose sugar?

Accepted Answer

The position of the carbonyl group ($C=O$) in the molecule.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why glucose and galactose have different properties despite having the same molecular formula ($C_6H_{12}O_6$)?

Accepted Answer

They differ in the spatial arrangement of their hydroxyl ($-OH$) groups.

Question 5

During the formation of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides, which type of reaction occurs and what bond is formed?

Accepted Answer

A dehydration (condensation) reaction forms a glycosidic linkage.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about polysaccharides is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are polymers composed of many monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic linkages.

Question 7

A researcher is studying the breakdown of starch into glucose monomers. Which process is responsible for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of carbohydrates in cell identity?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are found on the cell surface and play a role in cell-cell recognition.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a way in which monosaccharide monomers can vary?

Accepted Answer

Type of glycosidic linkage formed during polymerization.

Question 10

A student is given a sample of an unknown carbohydrate. It is found to be a polymer of glucose with extensive branching. Which carbohydrate is the sample most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the synthesis and breakdown of biological polymers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Polymerization occurs via dehydration reactions, and depolymerization occurs via hydrolysis.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why carbohydrates are an efficient energy storage molecule?

Accepted Answer

They have many carbon-hydrogen ($C-H$) bonds, which store potential energy.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct comparison between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Both are polymers of glucose, but they differ in the type of glycosidic linkages between glucose units.

Question 14

A mutation causes a change in the enzyme responsible for forming glycosidic linkages in a plant. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between a dehydration (condensation) reaction and a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions remove water to form bonds; hydrolysis reactions add water to break bonds.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of chitin in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support in the exoskeletons of arthropods.

Question 17

A scientist is analyzing a carbohydrate and finds that it contains only one type of monosaccharide. Which term best describes this molecule?

Accepted Answer

Homopolysaccharide

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between structure and function in carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

The specific arrangement of monomers and type of glycosidic linkage determine the carbohydrate's function.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why humans can digest starch but not cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans have enzymes that hydrolyze the $\alpha$-glycosidic linkages in starch but not the $\beta$-glycosidic linkages in cellulose.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that prevents the breakdown of glycogen. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Low blood glucose levels during fasting.

Chapter 5: Carbohydrates – Structure, Classification, and Biological Roles

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