$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{sunlight} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

An aldose has a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while a ketose has it within the carbon chain.

Question 2

Which formula represents the general structure of a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$C_nH_{2n}O_n$

Question 3

Glucose and fructose are both hexoses. What is the key structural difference between them?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is an aldose, while fructose is a ketose.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct example of a disaccharide formed by a glycosidic linkage?

Accepted Answer

Maltose

Question 5

Which polysaccharide is primarily used for energy storage in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 6

What type of bond forms between two monosaccharides to create a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkage

Question 7

Which polysaccharide provides structural support in plant cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 9

Which process describes the conversion of sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose in plants?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 10

What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{sunlight} ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$

Question 11

Which carbohydrate is a key component of dietary fiber and cannot be easily digested by humans?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 12

Which molecule is responsible for cell identification and is found on the surface of red blood cells, determining ABO blood groups?

Accepted Answer

Glycolipids

Question 13

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 14

During cellular respiration, what is the main purpose of breaking down glucose?

Accepted Answer

To produce ATP for cellular work

Question 15

Which equation represents the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is a good structural material in plants?

Accepted Answer

Its parallel strands are joined by hydrogen bonds, making it strong and rigid.

Question 17

Which carbohydrate is found in bacterial cell walls and provides structural support?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Question 18

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting the formation of glycosidic linkages in polysaccharides. Which process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of starch and glycogen for energy storage

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the complementary nature of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis stores energy in glucose, while cellular respiration releases energy from glucose.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of carbohydrates in cell signaling and recognition?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates attached to proteins and lipids on the cell surface help identify cells as 'self' and facilitate communication.

Chapter 5: Carbohydrates – Structure, Function, and Biological Roles

Study Guide - Practice Questions