Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$(CH_2O)_n$

Question 2

Which type of glycosidic linkage is primarily found in structural polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin?

Accepted Answer

$\beta$-glycosidic linkage

Question 3

A patient is unable to digest starch but can digest glycogen. Which enzyme is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the energy content of carbohydrates and fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fats store about twice as much energy per gram as carbohydrates because they have more $C-H$ and fewer $C-O$ bonds.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of glycoproteins found on the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

Acting as cell identity markers for recognition and signaling

Question 6

Which of the following correctly matches the polysaccharide with its primary function and structure?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen: energy storage in animals, highly branched with $\alpha$-1,6 and $\alpha$-1,4 linkages

Question 7

Which bond is formed during the condensation (dehydration) reaction that links two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bond

Question 8

A scientist isolates a polysaccharide from a plant that is unbranched and consists of $\alpha$-1,4 glycosidic bonds. What is the most likely identity of this molecule?

Accepted Answer

Amylose

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why cellulose provides structural support in plants?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of $\beta$-glucose monomers forming straight chains cross-linked by hydrogen bonds.

Question 10

During photosynthesis, which equation correctly represents the formation of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$CO_2 + H_2O + sunlight \rightarrow (CH_2O)_n + O_2$

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between $\alpha$-glucose and $\beta$-glucose?

Accepted Answer

They differ in the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 1.

Question 12

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking $\alpha$-glycosidic bonds in glycogen during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylase

Question 13

A mutation causes a plant to produce only $\alpha$-glycosidic linkages in its cell wall polysaccharides. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The plant will have flexible cell walls, lacking structural support.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 15

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is unbranched with $\alpha$-1,4 linkages, while amylopectin is branched with $\alpha$-1,6 linkages.

Question 16

Which of the following is a disaccharide formed from glucose and galactose?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Question 17

Which structural polysaccharide is found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and fungal cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 18

A researcher discovers a bacterial cell wall composed of alternating monosaccharides cross-linked by short peptides. Which molecule is being described?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why $C-H$ and $C-C$ bonds in carbohydrates store high potential energy?

Accepted Answer

Because electrons are shared equally, resulting in high potential energy.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the role of carbohydrates in cell-cell recognition?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are attached to proteins as glycoproteins, acting as cell identity markers.

Chapter 5: Carbohydrates – Structure, Function, and Biological Roles

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