Question 1

Which of the following best describes a dehydration reaction in the synthesis of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins monomers together by removing a water molecule.

Question 2

Which class of macromolecules includes enzymes, which catalyze chemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with lactose intolerance. Which type of biological molecule is directly involved in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Disaccharides

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct comparison between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids lack double bonds, making them solid at room temperature.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, causing them to arrange in bilayers.

Question 6

Which level of protein structure is primarily determined by hydrogen bonding between backbone atoms, resulting in alpha helices and beta sheets?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 7

A mutation changes a single amino acid in the primary structure of a protein. Which levels of protein structure could potentially be affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 9

Which of the following correctly lists the components of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of a disaccharide into two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11} + H$$_{2}$$O \rightarrow 2C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6}$

Question 11

Which statement best describes the antiparallel nature of DNA strands?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5' to 3', while the other runs 3' to 5'.

Question 12

Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in plants?

Accepted Answer

Starch

Question 13

Which type of bond is responsible for linking nucleotides together in a nucleic acid strand?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

Accepted Answer

Ribose has one more oxygen atom than deoxyribose.

Question 15

Which of the following is a major structural difference between cellulose and starch?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is composed of glucose monomers linked by $$\beta-$$glycosidic bonds, while starch uses $$\alpha-$$glycosidic bonds.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing and transmitting genetic information

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The overall three-dimensional shape formed by interactions among side chains

Question 18

Which of the following is a common misconception about lipids?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are always hydrophobic and never have hydrophilic regions.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the quaternary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

It refers to the arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains into a functional protein complex.

Chapter 5 - bio 1201

Study Guide - Practice Questions