Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis in the formation of biological polymers?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is removed to form a new bond between monomers.

Question 2

A patient is unable to digest starch but can digest glucose. Which enzyme is most likely deficient, and what type of bond does it normally break?

Accepted Answer

Amylase; breaks $$\alpha-1$$,4-glycosidic bonds

Question 3

Which of the following statements about cellulose and starch is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is composed of $$\beta-$$glucose monomers and forms straight fibers, while starch is composed of $$\alpha-$$glucose and forms helices.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in aqueous environments?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads interact with water, while hydrophobic tails avoid water.

Question 5

A mutation causes a single amino acid substitution in the primary structure of hemoglobin. Which levels of protein structure could be affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a true polymer?

Accepted Answer

Triglyceride

Question 7

During a marathon, an athlete's body mobilizes stored energy. Which polysaccharide is primarily broken down, and by what process?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; hydrolysis

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, resulting in bent chains.

Question 9

A scientist is analyzing a macromolecule and finds it contains nitrogen, a carboxyl group, and an amino group. Which type of macromolecule is this, and what is its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein; amino acid

Question 10

Which of the following bonds is responsible for holding together the monomers in a nucleic acid polymer?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 11

A denatured protein has lost its function. Which of the following changes is most likely to cause denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Extreme pH change

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack enzymes to break $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule with its function?

Accepted Answer

Chitin: structural support in fungi and arthropods

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of the importance of protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell anemia results from a single amino acid change in hemoglobin, altering its quaternary structure.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why lipids are not considered true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are not formed by the repetitive linking of similar or identical monomers.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct match between a protein's function and its example?

Accepted Answer

Enzymatic protein: amylase

Question 20

A researcher is studying a molecule with the formula $$C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6}$. Which of the following is most likely true about this molecule?

Accepted Answer

It is a monosaccharide and can be used as a building block for polysaccharides.

Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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