Q: Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of genetic information in a cell?

$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why lipids are not considered true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are not made from repeating monomer units and do not form long chains like other macromolecules.

Question 2

During the synthesis of a polysaccharide, which type of reaction occurs and what is the byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reaction; byproduct is $H_2O$

Question 3

A patient is unable to digest cellulose but can digest starch. What is the most likely explanation for this difference?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains beta ($\beta$) glycosidic linkages, which human enzymes cannot break, while starch contains alpha ($\alpha$) linkages that can be digested.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid in a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Two hydrophobic fatty acid tails and a hydrophilic phosphate head

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$

Question 6

A mutation causes a single amino acid substitution in the primary structure of hemoglobin. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein's tertiary and quaternary structure may be altered, potentially leading to diseases such as sickle-cell anemia.

Question 7

Which of the following bonds is responsible for linking nucleotides together in a DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester linkage

Question 8

A triglyceride is formed by joining three fatty acids to glycerol. What type of bond is formed in this process?

Accepted Answer

Ester linkage

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered more harmful than saturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats are produced by hydrogenation and have trans double bonds, which may contribute more to cardiovascular disease.

Question 10

Which level of protein structure is primarily determined by hydrogen bonding between backbone atoms, resulting in alpha helices and beta sheets?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 11

A scientist is studying a protein that consists of multiple polypeptide chains. Which level of protein structure is being investigated?

Accepted Answer

Quaternary structure

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of chitin in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Structural support in fungal cell walls and arthropod exoskeletons

Question 13

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts and can be used repeatedly.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine.

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct result of denaturation in proteins?

Accepted Answer

The protein loses its native three-dimensional structure and becomes biologically inactive.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins two monomers by removing a water molecule.

Question 17

Which of the following is a major function of adipose tissue in mammals?

Accepted Answer

Storing long-term energy reserves and insulating the body

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the diversity of polymers in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

A huge variety of polymers can be built from a small set of monomers.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the backbone of a polynucleotide?

Accepted Answer

It consists of alternating sugar and phosphate groups linked by phosphodiester bonds.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of genomics in modern biology?

Accepted Answer

Genomics involves analyzing large sets of genes or comparing whole genomes of different species.

Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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