Q: Which equation correctly represents the relationship between calories and kilocalories?

$1 \text{ kilocalorie} = 1,000 \text{ calories}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as an energy shuttle, storing energy from food and releasing it as needed for cellular work.

Question 2

A scientist is studying a protein that moves ions across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient. Which process is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 3

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur.

Question 4

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to shrivel. What can you infer about the solution?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypertonic compared to the cell.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why facilitated diffusion is considered a form of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

It moves molecules down their concentration gradient without using cellular energy.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of the conservation of energy in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

A muscle cell converting chemical energy from ATP into kinetic energy for movement.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between calories and kilocalories?

Accepted Answer

$1 	ext{ kilocalorie} = 1,000 	ext{ calories}$

Question 8

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to an animal cell in this environment?

Accepted Answer

It will gain water and may burst.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the flow of materials into and out of the cell.

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-world example of enzyme inhibition?

Accepted Answer

A nerve gas binding to an enzyme and preventing nerve signal transmission.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why heat is considered the most disordered form of energy?

Accepted Answer

Heat energy is the most randomized and difficult to put to work.

Question 12

A scientist observes that an enzyme loses its function when heated above a certain temperature. Which major biological theme does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

The relationship of structure to function

Question 13

Which of the following statements about osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the induced fit model of enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme changes its shape to fit the substrate more snugly upon binding.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storage of genetic information

Question 16

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and undergo plasmolysis.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why cells must continuously recycle ATP?

Accepted Answer

Cellular work spends ATP, which is then regenerated using energy from cellular respiration.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A cell releasing hormones into the bloodstream via vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the evolutionary significance of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It allows cells to regulate chemical exchanges with the environment, a basic requirement for life.

Question 20

A patient is given a drug that acts as a competitive inhibitor for a key metabolic enzyme. What is the most likely effect of this drug?

Accepted Answer

The drug will bind to the enzyme's active site, preventing the substrate from binding.

Chapter 5: The Working Cell – Energy, Enzymes, and Membrane Function

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