Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells are able to carry out complex and specialized functions compared to prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain internal membranes that compartmentalize cellular processes.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell under a microscope and notes the presence of a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

A cell increases its diameter from $$2\ \mu m to$$ $$4\ \mu m. By $$what factor does its surface area-to-volume ratio change?

Accepted Answer

It halves

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 6

A mutation disrupts the nuclear lamina in a eukaryotic cell. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Loss of nuclear shape and structural integrity

Question 7

Which structure is responsible for sorting and packaging proteins for secretion in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating chromosome movement during cell division

Question 9

According to the endosymbiont theory, which evidence supports the bacterial origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Enclosure by a double membrane and possession of circular DNA

Question 10

A freshwater protist uses contractile vacuoles to maintain osmotic balance. What is the primary function of these vacuoles?

Accepted Answer

Pumping excess water out of the cell

Question 11

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion – ATP production

Question 12

Which cell type is most likely to have plasmodesmata?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 13

A cell is observed to have a cell wall, large central vacuole, and chloroplasts. Which of the following is a function unique to this cell type?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 14

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins using instructions from DNA.

Question 15

If a cell's lysosomes are nonfunctional, which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Autophagy and digestion of macromolecules

Question 16

Which microscopy technique would be best for observing the detailed internal structure of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscopy

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of a cell growing too large in size?

Accepted Answer

Its surface area-to-volume ratio decreases, limiting efficient exchange of materials.

Question 18

Which of the following organelles is directly involved in the formation of glycoproteins?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

A cell is unable to produce transport vesicles from the ER. Which process would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein sorting and secretion

Question 20

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between surface area ($$SA) $$and volume ($$V) $$for a spherical cell of radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 4\pi r^2$, V$$ = \frac{4}{3}\pi $$r^3$$

Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards