Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells are able to carry out more complex functions than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain internal membranes that compartmentalize cellular processes.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell under a microscope and notes the presence of a nucleus, mitochondria, and a cell wall made of cellulose. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

A mutation disrupts the function of the nuclear lamina in a eukaryotic cell. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The shape of the nucleus will be compromised.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the surface area-to-volume ratio is correct?

Accepted Answer

As a cell increases in size, its volume increases proportionately more than its surface area.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the surface area ($$SA) $$and volume ($$V) of a $$spherical cell with radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 4 \pi r^2$, V$$ = \frac{4}{3} \pi $$r^3$$

Question 7

A cell is observed to have free ribosomes and circular DNA, but lacks membrane-bound organelles. Which domain does this cell most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and shipping proteins to their final destinations?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 9

During phagocytosis, a cell engulfs a bacterium. Which organelle fuses with the resulting food vacuole to digest the bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 10

Which of the following best supports the endosymbiont theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both organelles contain circular DNA and free ribosomes.

Question 11

A muscle cell requires rapid contraction and movement. Which cytoskeletal element is most directly involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin filaments)

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 13

A freshwater protist uses a contractile vacuole to pump excess water out of the cell. What would happen if this vacuole malfunctioned?

Accepted Answer

The cell would swell and potentially burst due to water accumulation.

Question 14

Which structure is responsible for maintaining the selective permeability of the cell, allowing passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 15

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion: Cellular respiration

Question 16

A cell is observed to have tight junctions, desmosomes, and an extracellular matrix. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Animal cell

Question 17

Which microscopy technique would be best for observing the movement of living cells in real time?

Accepted Answer

Light microscopy

Question 18

If a eukaryotic cell's rough ER is damaged, which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for secretion

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage of inorganic ions and maintenance of cell growth

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes use genetic information from DNA to synthesize proteins.

Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell – Structure, Function, and Organization

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