Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, whereas prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

Which structure is responsible for synthesizing proteins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 3

A scientist wants to observe the detailed internal structure of a mitochondrion. Which type of microscope should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Processing, packaging, and secretion of proteins and lipids

Question 5

A cell is observed to have a thick, rigid mesh of fibers outside its plasma membrane. What is the primary function of this structure?

Accepted Answer

Protection and support

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes.

Question 7

If a plant cell's central vacuole is damaged, which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Storage of organic compounds and cell growth

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents cellular respiration in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Carbohydrate} + \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_2 + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \mathrm{energy}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digesting macromolecules and cellular debris

Question 10

A mutation causes a cell to lack microtubules. Which of the following processes would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Movement of vesicles from the ER to the Golgi apparatus

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded protein molecules.

Question 12

Which of the following is a unique feature of plant cells not found in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall made primarily of cellulose

Question 13

A researcher is studying a cell that contains a nucleoid region, a cell wall, and ribosomes, but no membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizes lipids and detoxifies drugs

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

It is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum and contains nuclear pores.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the resolution of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) is higher than that of a light microscope?

Accepted Answer

TEM uses electrons, which have a much shorter wavelength than visible light.

Question 17

Which of the following structures is directly involved in the contraction of muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin) interacting with myosin

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

They connect adjacent plant cells, allowing for communication and transport.

Question 19

A cell is observed to have a large number of peroxisomes. Which of the following is a likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of alcohol and breakdown of fatty acids

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, anchors organelles, and allows for cell movement.

Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell – Structure and Function of Cells

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