Q: Which of the following is a product of ATP hydrolysis?

ADP and inorganic phosphate ($$\text{P}_i)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy, while anabolic pathways build complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy input.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of potential energy in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

The chemical bonds in a molecule of glucose.

Question 3

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) $$for a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 5

A reaction with $$\Delta G \u003c 0 is $$best described as:

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous and exergonic

Question 6

Why do biological organisms not violate the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Because while they decrease local entropy, they increase the entropy of their surroundings, resulting in a net increase in universal entropy.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP contains three phosphate groups, and hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate releases a large amount of free energy.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a main type of cellular work powered by ATP?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthetic work

Question 9

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

By lowering the activation energy barrier of the reaction.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes competitive inhibition of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

An inhibitor competes with the substrate for binding at the active site.

Question 11

Which of the following is a product of ATP hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

ADP and inorganic phosphate ($$	ext{P}_i)$$

Question 12

A scientist observes that a metabolic pathway is regulated by the end product binding to an enzyme early in the pathway, decreasing its activity. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Feedback inhibition

Question 13

Which of the following environmental factors can affect enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 14

Which statement about enzyme specificity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are specific to their substrates due to the unique shape of their active site.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of a coenzyme?

Accepted Answer

A non-protein organic molecule that assists enzyme function.

Question 16

In the analogy of an open hydroelectric system for metabolism, why do metabolic reactions in living organisms not reach equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Because metabolic pathways are multistep and products are constantly removed, preventing equilibrium.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the effect of enzymes on the free energy change ($$\Delta G) of a $$reaction is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes do not affect the $$\Delta G of a $$reaction.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of mechanical work powered by ATP in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction

Question 19

A mutation in the gene encoding an enzyme alters the amino acid sequence of the enzyme's active site. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme's substrate specificity may change, possibly reducing or eliminating its activity.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why heat is not a useful catalyst for biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Heat denatures proteins and is not specific, potentially damaging cellular structures.

Chapter 6: An Introduction to Metabolism – Study Notes

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