$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6 \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \text{CO}_2 + 6 \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{energy}$$

$$\text{Xe}^- + \text{Y} \rightarrow \text{X} + \text{Y}^-$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between fermentation and aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation does not use an electron transport chain, while aerobic respiration does.

Question 2

During cellular respiration, which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6 	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6 	ext{CO}_2 + 6 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 4

In the process of glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP and NADH molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 5

Which of the following statements about NAD$$^+$$ and NADH is correct?

Accepted Answer

NADH is the reduced form and has higher energy than NAD$$^+.$$

Question 6

Where does glycolysis occur in the cell, and is oxygen required for this process?

Accepted Answer

In the cytosol; oxygen is not required.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration is considered exergonic?

Accepted Answer

It results in a net release of free energy ($$\Delta G \u003c 0).$$

Question 8

Which process in cellular respiration produces the majority of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 9

What is the main function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To transfer electrons from NADH and FADH$$_2 to $$oxygen, creating a proton gradient

Question 10

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is produced directly by transferring a phosphate group from an organic substrate to ADP.

Question 11

During the citric acid cycle, how many NADH molecules are produced per turn of the cycle?

Accepted Answer

3

Question 12

Which of the following is a generalized formula for a redox reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Xe}^- + 	ext{Y} ightarrow 	ext{X} + 	ext{Y}^-$$

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why the total ATP yield from cellular respiration is not always exactly 30 or 32 ATP per glucose?

Accepted Answer

Some protons leak across the mitochondrial membrane, and the shuttle systems for NADH vary.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation allows cells to produce ATP without using oxygen or an electron transport chain.

Question 15

In the electron transport chain, what is the role of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the final electron acceptor, forming water.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes chemiosmosis in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of ATP using the energy of a proton gradient across a membrane.

Question 17

Which of the following molecules is produced during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle and is used in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Citric acid cycle → Electron transport chain → Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why lactic acid fermentation is important for muscle cells during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

It allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD$$^+.$$

Question 20

Which of the following macromolecules can enter cellular respiration at various points, and how?

Accepted Answer

Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates can all enter cellular respiration at different stages.

Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation – Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions