Question 1

Which of the following best describes the first law of thermodynamics as it applies to biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 2

A cell synthesizes a protein from amino acids. This process is an example of which type of metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic pathway

Question 3

Which of the following statements about entropy is correct?

Accepted Answer

Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) $$for a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 5

A reaction has a $$\Delta G of -30 kJ/$$mol. Which of the following is true about this reaction?

Accepted Answer

It is spontaneous and can perform work.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why cells are considered open systems?

Accepted Answer

They exchange both energy and matter with their surroundings.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of energy coupling in cells?

Accepted Answer

The use of ATP hydrolysis to drive the active transport of ions across a membrane.

Question 8

What is the primary function of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

To couple exergonic and endergonic reactions by providing energy.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about enzyme regulation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Allosteric regulation can either inhibit or stimulate enzyme activity.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the ATP cycle in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP is synthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate using energy from catabolic reactions.

Question 11

A scientist observes that a metabolic pathway is shut down when the concentration of its end product increases. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Feedback inhibition

Question 12

Which of the following is true about exergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

They release free energy and occur spontaneously.

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-life example of potential energy being converted to kinetic energy?

Accepted Answer

A diver jumping off a platform into the water.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why metabolic reactions in cells do not reach equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Cells constantly allow the flow of materials in and out, preventing equilibrium.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a main type of cellular work powered by ATP?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthetic work

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the hydrolysis of ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

The energy is released due to the chemical change to a state of lower free energy.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of allosteric regulation?

Accepted Answer

A regulatory molecule binding to a site other than the active site, changing enzyme activity.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of phosphorylation in cellular work?

Accepted Answer

It transfers a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule, making it more reactive.

Question 19

A metabolic pathway consists of several steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme. What is the advantage of this organization?

Accepted Answer

It enables regulation and efficient energy use at each step.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the localization of enzymes within eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes for specific pathways may be compartmentalized within organelles.

Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions