Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of spindle fibers during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They pull sister chromatids apart to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 2

A researcher observes a cell with condensed chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell, but not yet separated. Which phase of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 3

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that DNA has been accurately replicated before the cell enters mitosis?

Accepted Answer

G$$_2$$ checkpoint

Question 4

What is the primary difference between cytokinesis in plant cells and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells use a contractile ring to form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells build a cell plate from vesicles.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about cancer cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells lack differentiation and may be immortal.

Question 6

A mutation in a proto-oncogene would most likely result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Formation of an oncogene that promotes uncontrolled cell division

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why mammalian cells can only divide about 70 times in culture before dying?

Accepted Answer

Shortening of telomeres at the ends of chromosomes

Question 8

During which stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 9

A scientist observes a multinucleated muscle cell. Which process most likely occurred?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis without cytokinesis

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of tumor suppressor genes?

Accepted Answer

Inhibit the cell cycle and promote apoptosis

Question 11

Which of the following events occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

Question 12

Which of the following best describes apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Programmed cell death triggered by internal or external signals

Question 13

A cell fails to pass the G$$_1$$ checkpoint due to irreparable DNA damage. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will undergo apoptosis.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-life example of apoptosis during development?

Accepted Answer

Removal of webbing between human digits

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the genetic material in daughter cells produced by mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Daughter cells are genetically identical to each other and the parent cell.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of cyclins in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They are internal signals that regulate progression through specific stages of the cell cycle.

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with a tumor that is invasive and has spread to other tissues. Which term best describes this tumor?

Accepted Answer

Malignant

Question 18

Which of the following dietary choices is recommended to help reduce cancer risk?

Accepted Answer

Increase intake of foods rich in vitamins A and C

Question 19

Which of the following events is an example of a chromosomal rearrangement associated with cancer?

Accepted Answer

A portion of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches to another chromosome (translocation)

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why radiation and chemotherapy are effective cancer treatments?

Accepted Answer

They damage DNA or disrupt mitosis, affecting rapidly dividing cells.

Chapter 8: Cellular Reproduction – Essentials of Biology Study Notes

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