Question 1

Which property of carbon makes it an excellent molecular component for organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form four covalent bonds with other atoms

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT considered a major class of organic molecules found in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Salts

Question 3

What is the term for compounds composed only of carbon and hydrogen atoms?

Accepted Answer

Hydrocarbons

Question 4

Both butane and isobutane have the same chemical formula $$C_4H_{10}$$, but different structures. What is the term for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Isomers

Question 5

Which functional group is non-polar and generally non-reactive, but still affects molecular shape and function?

Accepted Answer

Methyl group

Question 6

A molecule contains a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom at the end of its carbon skeleton. Which functional group does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Aldehyde (a type of carbonyl group)

Question 7

Which functional group acts as a base by picking up $$H^+$$ from solution?

Accepted Answer

Amino group

Question 8

Organic molecules with both an amino group and a carboxyl group are most likely:

Accepted Answer

Amino acids

Question 9

Which functional group is involved in energy transfer from ATP molecules?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group

Question 10

A molecule with several hydroxyl groups is likely to be:

Accepted Answer

Water soluble

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why organic molecules can have such a wide variety of structures and functions?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form four covalent bonds, allowing for branching and ring structures

Question 12

Which of the following functional groups is acidic and can donate $$H^+ to $$solution?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 13

A molecule with a carbonyl group in the middle of its carbon skeleton is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Ketone

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about functional groups?

Accepted Answer

They determine the chemical reactivity and properties of organic molecules

Question 15

Which of the following molecules would be classified as an alcohol?

Accepted Answer

A molecule containing a hydroxyl group ($$-OH) $$attached to a carbon atom

Question 16

Which functional group is most likely to make a molecule water soluble due to its polarity?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of functional groups in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

They determine the molecule's unique properties and chemical reactivity

Question 18

Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is correct?

Accepted Answer

They consist only of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 19

A molecule contains both a phosphate group and a hydroxyl group. Which property is most likely enhanced in this molecule?

Accepted Answer

Water solubility

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of a molecule containing a hydroxyl group?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol ($$C_2H_5OH)$$

Chemical Reactions and Organic Chemistry: Organic Compounds and Functional Groups

Study Guide - Practice Questions