Question 1

Which of the following best describes a molecule?

Accepted Answer

Two or more atoms held together by various forces or bonds.

Question 2

What is the defining feature of lipids that makes them biologically important?

Accepted Answer

They are nonpolar and very insoluble in water.

Question 3

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 4

A dehydration reaction is crucial in the formation of macromolecules. What is the main outcome of this reaction?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes polymers by removing a water molecule.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a major class of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Salts

Question 6

What is the correct formula for glucose, the most common hexose monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$

Question 7

Which process breaks down polymers into monomers by adding water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 8

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in plants?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 9

Amino acids differ from each other primarily due to differences in their:

Accepted Answer

R group (side chain)

Question 10

Which type of bond links amino acids together in a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 11

Which of the following is true about the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

It is the unique sequence of amino acids.

Question 12

What is the role of enzymes in the formation of biological polymers?

Accepted Answer

They catalyze the polymerization of monomers into polymers.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 14

Which statement best describes the difference between a solute and a solvent?

Accepted Answer

A solute is a molecule dissolved in a liquid; a solvent is the liquid in which the molecule is dissolved.

Question 15

Which of the following is a condensation reaction?

Accepted Answer

Forming a polymer from monomers by removing a water molecule.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage in the form of starch

Question 17

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and RNA is single-stranded.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a phosphodiester linkage in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

A bond between the phosphate group and the sugar of two nucleotides.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of a change in the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Development of sickle-cell disease due to a single amino acid substitution in hemoglobin.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about complementary base pairing in DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine.

Chemistry in Biology: Biological Molecules and Their Formation

Study Guide - Practice Questions