Question 1

Which of the following best explains why carbon is considered essential to life?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing it to create complex and diverse molecular structures.

Question 2

A scientist is analyzing a molecule and finds that it contains a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end. Which type of biological molecule is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A fatty acid

Question 3

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds in water is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of another water molecule.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a condensation (dehydration synthesis) reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which two monomers are joined together and a molecule of water is released.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a functional group and its chemical property?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group: acts as an acid by donating a proton ($$H^+)$$

Question 6

A student is given a graph showing the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. Which variable is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why glucose is soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

Glucose has multiple hydroxyl ($$-OH) $$groups that form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

Question 8

Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 10

A molecule has the formula $$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11}$. Which type of carbohydrate is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A disaccharide

Question 11

Which of the following statements about electronegativity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons shared in a chemical bond.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why a cracker tastes sweet after chewing for a while?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes in saliva break down starches into simple sugars, which taste sweet.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct match between a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein – amino acid

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of functional groups in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Functional groups determine the chemical properties and reactivity of molecules.

Question 15

Which of the following is a property of water that results from its ability to form hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat capacity

Question 16

A molecule of sodium chloride ($$NaCl) is $$held together by which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A large molecule made up of repeating monomer units joined by covalent bonds.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine; RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why hydrophobic molecules do not dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophobic molecules are nonpolar and cannot form hydrogen bonds with water.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.

Chemistry of Biology & Biological Molecules: Study Notes

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