Q: Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains the chromosomal basis for Mendel's law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Nonhomologous chromosomes align and separate independently during meiosis, leading to random combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes in gametes.

Question 2

A woman who is heterozygous for a recessive X-linked disorder and a man who does not have the disorder have a child. What is the probability that their son will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a Barr body?

Accepted Answer

A condensed, inactivated X chromosome found in the nuclei of female mammalian cells.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a type of chromosomal structural alteration?

Accepted Answer

Polyploidy

Question 5

Which statement about genomic imprinting is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves the addition of methyl groups to DNA, silencing one allele depending on its parental origin.

Question 6

Besides the nucleus, where else in a eukaryotic cell is DNA commonly found?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 7

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the RNA primer during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 8

Why are telomeres important for eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the loss of essential genes during DNA replication.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 10

A mutation changes the codon $$	ext{UAC} ($$tyrosine) to $$	ext{UAA} ($$stop codon). What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 11

Which process occurs in the nucleus and results in the production of pre-mRNA in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

Carrying amino acids to the ribosome and matching them to the mRNA codon via its anticodon.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why the fossil record is incomplete?

Accepted Answer

Many organisms did not fossilize because they lacked hard parts or lived in environments not conducive to fossilization.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

Breeding dogs for specific traits such as size or coat color.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a condition required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 16

A population of beetles is drastically reduced in number by a flood, and the survivors have different allele frequencies than the original population. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Bottleneck effect

Question 17

Which type of selection favors individuals at both extremes of a phenotypic range?

Accepted Answer

Disruptive selection

Question 18

In which scenario would you expect to find the SRY gene playing a critical role?

Accepted Answer

Development of male characteristics in human embryos

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why evolution does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection can only act on existing variations, and environments change unpredictably.

Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, Gene Expression, and Evolution: Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards