Question 1

Which scientist first introduced the term 'mitosis' to describe the process of cell division involving threadlike structures in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Walther Flemming

Question 2

What is the primary chemical composition of a chromosome as revealed by modern research?

Accepted Answer

A single long DNA double helix wrapped around proteins called histones

Question 3

Why did the threadlike structures in dividing cells appear in pairs just before cell division?

Accepted Answer

Because chromosomes duplicate before cell division

Question 4

What observation did researchers make when studying the roundworm Ascaris regarding chromosomes during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

The number of chromosomes was the same before and after mitosis

Question 5

Who coined the term 'chromosome' and what does it mean?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Waldeyer; 'colored-body'

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of histones in chromosome structure?

Accepted Answer

Histones are proteins that DNA wraps around for organization

Question 7

If a salamander cell has 24 chromosomes before mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

24

Question 8

Which of the following statements about chromosomes is correct based on the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are visible when stained with certain dyes during cell division

Question 9

What is the significance of using chemical dyes in the study of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They make threadlike chromosome structures visible under a microscope

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why chromosomes appear as single, unpaired threads in daughter cells after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

The paired chromosomes split during mitosis, resulting in single chromosomes in each daughter cell

Question 11

A scientist observes that a cell has the same number of chromosomes before and after division. What process is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about chromosomes based on the provided material?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are always present in pairs in all cells

Question 13

Which real-world application relies on the understanding that chromosomes are made of DNA wrapped around histones?

Accepted Answer

Forensic DNA fingerprinting

Question 14

If a mutation affects the histone proteins in a cell, what is the most likely consequence for chromosome structure?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes will become less organized and possibly unstable

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the historical progression of chromosome discovery?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes were first identified as colored bodies, then as DNA-protein complexes

Chromosomes: Structure and Discovery

Study Guide - Practice Questions