Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents cellular respiration?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\,\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\,\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{ATP}$$

Q: In a population, the frequency of allele $$p is 0.7 $$and allele $$q is 0.3. $$According to the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes?

$$2pq = 2 \times 0.7 \times 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the property of homeostasis in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

A lizard basking in the sun to raise its body temperature.

Question 2

A scientist hypothesizes that a new fertilizer increases plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, the other does not. Which is the manipulated (independent) variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The amount of fertilizer given to the plants.

Question 3

Which property of water allows it to move upward through the xylem of plants during transpiration?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion and adhesion working together with capillary action.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells contain them.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur.

Question 6

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which type of solution was the cell placed in?

Accepted Answer

A hypotonic solution.

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\,\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\,\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 8

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced, and what is the final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain; Oxygen

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why a mutation in DNA can lead to a nonfunctional protein?

Accepted Answer

A change in the DNA sequence can alter the amino acid sequence, affecting protein folding and function.

Question 10

A woman with blood type AB and a man with blood type O have a child. What are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

Type A or Type B

Question 11

In a population, the frequency of allele $$p is 0.7 $$and allele $$q is 0.3. $$According to the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 2 	imes 0.7 	imes 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of stabilizing selection?

Accepted Answer

Human babies of average birth weight have higher survival rates than those who are very small or very large.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of restriction enzymes in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing scientists to manipulate genes.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pathway of blood flow through the human heart and body?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → body

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the majority of energy is lost at each trophic level in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Most energy is lost as heat due to metabolic processes, so only about 10% is transferred to the next level.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the plant hormone auxin?

Accepted Answer

It promotes cell elongation on the shaded side of a stem, causing phototropism.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the plasma membrane in cells?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of negative feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin and glucagon.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings specific amino acids to the ribosome based on the codon sequence of mRNA.

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