Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main genetic difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction produces offspring genetically identical to the parent, while sexual reproduction produces genetically diverse offspring.

Question 2

In which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate, and what is the ploidy of the resulting cells?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I; haploid

Question 3

A plant species can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction for this plant in a stable environment?

Accepted Answer

It allows rapid population increase without the need for pollinators.

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation in the human female reproductive cycle?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 5

During the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle, which hormone is secreted in high amounts and what is its main effect on the uterus?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone; it maintains and thickens the endometrium.

Question 6

A researcher observes a cell with chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate, each chromosome consisting of two sister chromatids. The cell is haploid. Which stage is this?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase II of meiosis

Question 7

Which of the following best explains Mendel’s Law of Segregation using chromosome behavior during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for a gene separate during Anaphase I as homologous chromosomes are pulled apart.

Question 8

A woman who is a carrier for an X-linked recessive trait (X$^A$X$^a$) and a man who is unaffected (X$^A$Y) have a son. What is the probability that their son will express the trait?

Accepted Answer

$0.5$

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of asexual reproduction in animals?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Question 10

If a diploid organism has a genotype AaBb, what is the probability that a gamete will contain the alleles ab, assuming independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

$0.25$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the physical basis for Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Random orientation of homologous chromosome pairs during Metaphase I of meiosis

Question 12

A cell with 2n = 4 undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each gamete have, and how does this compare to the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Each gamete will have 2 chromosomes, half the number of the parent cell.

Question 13

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in genetically identical offspring?

Accepted Answer

A hydra reproducing by budding

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the corpus luteum in the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

It secretes progesterone to maintain the endometrium.

Question 15

A scientist is studying a population of diploid organisms. She finds that there are 5 different alleles for a particular gene in the population. What is the maximum number of different alleles an individual can have for this gene?

Accepted Answer

2

Question 16

Which of the following events increases genetic variation among gametes during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I

Question 17

A patient is given high doses of synthetic progesterone. What is the most likely effect on her pituitary hormone production?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback will decrease LH and FSH secretion.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between a gene and an allele?

Accepted Answer

A gene is a segment of DNA coding for a trait, while an allele is a specific version of that gene.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the products of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

They are genetically different haploid cells.

Question 20

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Comprehensive Study Guidance for BIOL 1307 Exam 1: Reproduction, Meiosis, and Heredity

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