Q: Which equation correctly represents aerobic cellular respiration?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent, accepting electrons during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, and is regenerated when electrons are transferred to the electron transport chain.

Question 2

During glycolysis, glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. Which of the following correctly traces the decline in carbon atoms from glucose to acetyl-CoA?

Accepted Answer

Glucose (6C) → 2 Pyruvate (3C each) → 2 Acetyl-CoA (2C each) + 2 CO$$_2$$

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 4

Substrate-level phosphorylation differs from oxidative phosphorylation in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation directly transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP, while oxidative phosphorylation uses a proton gradient generated by the electron transport chain to synthesize ATP.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains how the electron transport chain (ETC) generates ATP?

Accepted Answer

The ETC pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a gradient. ATP synthase uses this gradient to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP.

Question 6

In anaerobic respiration, what is the final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

An inorganic molecule other than oxygen, such as sulfate ($$SO_4$$^{2-}$$) or nitrate (NO_3$^-)$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of alcoholic fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide, and NADH is oxidized to NAD+.

Question 8

Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy during photosynthesis, and what is its main absorption range?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a; absorbs mainly in the blue and red regions of the spectrum.

Question 9

Which molecule acts as the carbon dioxide acceptor in the Calvin cycle, and what is the name of the sugar produced in the second stage?

Accepted Answer

Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP); glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

The light reactions produce ATP and NADPH, which are used in the Calvin cycle to fix carbon dioxide.

Question 11

Photorespiration occurs when:

Accepted Answer

Rubisco binds oxygen instead of carbon dioxide, leading to the production of a 2-carbon compound and a decrease in photosynthetic efficiency.

Question 12

Which adaptation allows CAM plants to survive in dry climates?

Accepted Answer

CAM plants open their stomata at night to fix carbon dioxide, storing it as malate for use during the day.

Question 13

Which of the following best distinguishes autotrophs from heterotrophs?

Accepted Answer

Autotrophs produce their own food using inorganic substances and energy from sunlight or chemicals, while heterotrophs must consume organic molecules for energy.

Question 14

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 15

A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder that impairs the function of ATP synthase. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the products of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

ATP and NADPH are produced and used in the Calvin cycle.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is synthesized using energy from a proton gradient created by the electron transport chain.

Question 18

Which stage of interphase is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 19

A scientist is studying a plant that uses the C4 pathway. Which adaptation is most likely present in this plant?

Accepted Answer

Separation of carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle into different cell types to minimize photorespiration.

Comprehensive Study Guidance for BIOL 1406 Test 3: Cellular Respiration, Photosynthesis, and Cell Division

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