Question 1

Which property of carbon most directly explains its ability to form a wide variety of complex organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms.

Question 2

Which of the following functional groups is correctly matched with its structure?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group: $$-\mathrm{COOH}$$

Question 3

Which statement best describes an enantiomer?

Accepted Answer

Molecules that are mirror images of each other and cannot be superimposed.

Question 4

Which process breaks down polymers into monomers by adding water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkage

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats are solid at room temperature due to the absence of double bonds; unsaturated fats are liquid due to the presence of double bonds.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 8

Which of the following correctly lists the three components of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base

Question 9

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 10

Which of the following organelles is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the function of lysosomes. Which cellular process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion of macromolecules

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the plant cell's central vacuole?

Accepted Answer

It stores water, ions, and waste products, helping maintain turgor pressure.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own circular DNA similar to bacterial DNA.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, aids in cell movement, and organizes cell components.

Question 15

Which of the following junctions allows direct communication between adjacent animal cells by permitting the passage of ions and small molecules?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 16

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 17

Which of the following factors would NOT increase the rate of diffusion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing temperature

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between diffusion and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient using energy; diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of an integral (transmembrane) protein?

Accepted Answer

A protein that spans the entire phospholipid bilayer.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi complex?

Accepted Answer

Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Comprehensive Study Guidance for Biol 1406 Exam 2 Review

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