Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the thylakoid membrane in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It contains the photosystems and electron transport chain responsible for generating ATP and NADPH during the light reactions.

Question 2

During the light reactions of photosynthesis, what is the primary source of electrons for the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules split by photosystem II

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between the carrying capacity $$K$$, current population size $$N$$, and the logistic growth term?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{K-N}{K}$$

Question 4

A plant cell is described as 'turgid.' What does this mean, and why is it important for non-woody plants?

Accepted Answer

The cell is filled with water, creating internal pressure that supports the plant's structure.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains how increased $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ concentration is generated in the thylakoid during the light reactions?

Accepted Answer

Water is split by photosystem II, releasing $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ into the thylakoid space, and the electron transport chain actively transports $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ across the membrane.

Question 6

Which tissue type is responsible for transporting water in plants, and which structure is associated with its bulk flow?

Accepted Answer

Xylem; perforation plates

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the biosphere?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis produces $$\mathrm{O_2$}$$ and glucose, which are used in cellular respiration; cellular respiration produces $$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$ and water, which are used in photosynthesis.

Question 8

Which plant innovation evolved independently in lycophytes and seed plants, significantly affecting the carbon cycle and water cycle?

Accepted Answer

Wood (secondary xylem)

Question 9

A population of frogs is being studied. The researchers note that most individuals die young, but a few survive to old age. Which type of survivorship curve does this population most likely exhibit?

Accepted Answer

Type III

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the pressure flow hypothesis for sugar transport in plants?

Accepted Answer

Sugars are actively transported from source to sink tissues, creating a pressure gradient that drives bulk flow through the phloem.

Question 11

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of phloem compared to xylem?

Accepted Answer

Phloem is a living tissue, while xylem is mostly dead at maturity.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of guard cells in plant physiology?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the opening and closing of stomata, controlling gas exchange and water loss.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution in plants?

Accepted Answer

The independent evolution of wood in lycophytes and seed plants.

Question 14

Which meristem is responsible for secondary growth in woody plants?

Accepted Answer

Vascular cambium

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the symplastic pathway in plant roots?

Accepted Answer

Water and solutes move through the cytoplasm of cells connected by plasmodesmata.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct definition of biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

The variety of life in an area, including species richness and relative abundance.

Question 17

Which group of plants is monophyletic, according to phylogenetic relationships discussed in class?

Accepted Answer

Seed plants

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a vital rate of a population?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 19

A common garden experiment is used to identify ecotypes in a natural environment. What is the main purpose of this experiment?

Accepted Answer

To determine if observed differences among populations are due to genetic adaptation or environmental effects.

Comprehensive Study Guidance for Biology 104 Exam 3 Topics

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