Question 1

Which of the following best describes a property that distinguishes living organisms from non-living matter?

Accepted Answer

Ability to maintain homeostasis

Question 2

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organism

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the three domains of life is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya includes all multicellular organisms, while Bacteria and Archaea are exclusively unicellular.

Question 4

A scientist observes that a certain plant grows faster when exposed to blue light. She hypothesizes that blue light increases the rate of photosynthesis. Which step of the scientific method is she performing by making this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Proposing an explanation

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning in biology?

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning uses specific observations to form general principles, while deductive reasoning uses general principles to predict specific results.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the structure of a water molecule and explains why it is essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to form hydrogen bonds and act as a universal solvent.

Question 7

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $1 	imes 10^{-4}$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$4$

Question 8

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of protein synthesis for proteins destined for secretion or membranes.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the complementary base pairing rules for DNA?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with T, C pairs with G

Question 11

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double helix?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why cancer can result from mutations in tumor suppressor genes?

Accepted Answer

Mutant tumor suppressor genes cause cells to divide uncontrollably because they fail to halt the cell cycle for DNA repair.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct result of the central dogma of biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why every cell in a multicellular organism does not express all of its genes?

Accepted Answer

Gene expression is regulated at multiple levels, allowing cells to specialize and perform different functions.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell, maintaining the electrochemical gradient.

Question 17

Which of the following events during meiosis increases genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during prophase I

Question 18

A monohybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants (Yy x Yy) for yellow seed color (Y = yellow, y = green) will result in what expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

3 yellow : 1 green

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance in genetics?

Accepted Answer

A red-flowered plant crossed with a white-flowered plant produces pink-flowered offspring.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}$

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