Q: Which of the following is the correct overall equation for cellular respiration?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size by their surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

As cells increase in size, their volume increases faster than their surface area, making it harder for materials to diffuse efficiently.

Question 2

A scientist wants to observe the structure of ribosomes within a cell. Which type of microscope should they use, and why?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscope, because ribosomes are too small to be seen with a light microscope.

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are destined for secretion from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. Which term best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 5

Which of the following molecules can directly diffuse through the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane without the help of transport proteins?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 6

Which statement best describes the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion moves molecules down their concentration gradient without energy, while active transport moves molecules against their gradient using energy.

Question 7

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which organelles are believed to have originated from free-living prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplast

Question 8

Which of the following reactions is exergonic?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate

Question 9

A reaction has a $$
abla G of$$ $$-30 kJ/$$mol. What does this indicate about the reaction?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is exergonic and releases energy.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the effect of an enzyme on the activation energy of a reaction?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes decrease the activation energy, speeding up reactions.

Question 11

A patient has a fever of 40°C. How might this affect the activity of most human enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity will decrease because the temperature is above the optimal range for most human enzymes.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a competitive inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

It binds to the active site of the enzyme, preventing substrate binding.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct overall equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 14

During glycolysis, which molecule is the starting reactant?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 15

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 16

In the absence of oxygen, human muscle cells will undergo which process to produce ATP?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 17

Which molecule is reduced during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$

Question 18

Which color of light is least absorbed by chlorophyll, resulting in the green appearance of plant leaves?

Accepted Answer

Green

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis produces O$$_2$$ and glucose, which are used in cellular respiration; cellular respiration produces CO$$_2$$ and H$$_2O$$, which are used in photosynthesis.

Comprehensive Study Guide: Cell Structure, Membrane Function, Metabolism, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards