Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have their genetic material enclosed within a nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

If the lysosomes in an animal cell are damaged, which cellular function would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cellular digestion and waste breakdown

Question 3

Where in the cell are proteins destined for secretion synthesized?

Accepted Answer

On ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

Which of the following best explains how vesicles move within a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

They are transported along cytoskeletal filaments by motor proteins.

Question 5

Which type of cell junction allows for direct communication between adjacent animal cells by permitting the passage of ions and small molecules?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 6

A protein that adds a phosphate group to another protein is called a ________, while a protein that removes a phosphate group is known as a ________.

Accepted Answer

kinase; phosphatase

Question 7

What is the main benefit of a signal cascade (amplification) in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

It ensures that only one molecule of the signal is needed for a large cellular response.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

They activate G-proteins, which then trigger downstream signaling pathways.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about ATP hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis releases energy that can be used to drive endergonic reactions.

Question 10

A scientist isolates an enzyme from a bacterium living in hot springs. Compared to a human enzyme, what would you expect about its optimal temperature and why?

Accepted Answer

It would have a higher optimal temperature because it is adapted to hot environments.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why most plants appear green?

Accepted Answer

They reflect green light and absorb red and blue light.

Question 12

Where does the Calvin cycle take place in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

In the stroma of the chloroplast

Question 13

Which of the following intermediates produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis are used in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

NADPH and ATP

Question 14

Why do plants need mitochondria if they can produce ATP during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria produce ATP for cellular processes when light is not available.

Question 15

During cellular respiration, what is the primary role of oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

To accept electrons and form water

Question 16

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing ATP during oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthase

Question 17

Which process occurs in human muscle cells under anaerobic conditions and why is it necessary?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation; to regenerate NAD	extsuperscript{+} for glycolysis

Question 18

When a person loses weight through dieting and exercise, most of the mass is lost as:

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide and water exhaled during respiration

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between cellular respiration and breathing in humans?

Accepted Answer

Breathing supplies oxygen for cellular respiration and removes carbon dioxide produced by it.

Question 20

Which of the following correctly matches the location of glycolysis in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasm

Comprehensive Study Guide for Cell Biology, Cell Signaling, and Energy Metabolism

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