Question 1

Which of the following best describes the flow of energy and matter in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Energy flows in one direction, while matter cycles through the ecosystem.

Question 2

A scientist is testing the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. In her experiment, she uses two groups of plants: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. Which is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The application of fertilizer

Question 3

Which of the following statements about water is correct?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high specific heat due to hydrogen bonding.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why hydrocarbons are important in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

They provide a nonpolar backbone that contributes to the hydrophobic properties of lipids.

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 6

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst due to water entering the cell.

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene with two alleles, $$p$$ and $$q$$?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 8

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules, while anabolic pathways consume energy to build complex molecules.

Question 10

Which of the following is a direct product of the light reactions of photosynthesis that is used in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

NADPH

Question 11

A woman who is a carrier for an X-linked recessive disorder and a man who does not have the disorder have a son. What is the probability that their son will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

50%

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codons.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a repressible operon in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

trp operon

Question 14

Which of the following mechanisms increases genetic variation during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I

Question 15

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction to proceed.

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of the plasma membrane that allows it to maintain homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It is selectively permeable, allowing some substances to cross more easily than others.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of a pleiotropic gene?

Accepted Answer

A gene that affects both the shape of red blood cells and resistance to malaria

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why x-linked recessive disorders are more common in males than females?

Accepted Answer

Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele will cause the disorder.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

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