Question 1

A scientist wants to test the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. Which of the following best describes the group that does NOT receive the fertilizer?

Accepted Answer

Control group

Question 2

Which of the following types of chemical bonds involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 3

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M. What is the pH of this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$5$$

Question 4

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 5

Which macromolecule is correctly paired with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 6

Which of the following is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 7

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink. Which term best describes the solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 8

Which process requires energy input from ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 9

Which statement best describes how enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for the reaction.

Question 10

Which molecule is the immediate source of energy for cellular work, and what is its structure?

Accepted Answer

ATP; an adenine base, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups

Question 11

During aerobic cellular respiration, most ATP is produced by which process?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

Question 12

Which of the following correctly matches the main products of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

ATP, NADPH, and $$O_2$$

Question 13

Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 14

Crossing-over during meiosis increases genetic variation. During which stage does this process occur?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Question 15

A woman with blood type AB has a child with a man who is blood type O. What are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 16

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of RNA from a DNA template

Question 18

Which modern biotechnology technique is used to amplify a specific DNA segment, generating millions of copies?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for natural selection to occur?

Accepted Answer

Unlimited resources

Question 20

A population of insects is exposed to a new pesticide. After several generations, most individuals are resistant. Which mechanism best explains this change?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Comprehensive Study Guide: Foundations of College Biology

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