Question 1

Which of the following pedigree patterns is most consistent with an autosomal recessive trait?

Accepted Answer

The trait often skips generations and appears in siblings whose parents do not show the trait.

Question 2

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals for genes A and B (genotype $$AaBb$$), what is the expected phenotypic ratio among the offspring, assuming independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 3

A patient is prescribed an antibiotic to treat a bacterial infection. Why would this antibiotic not be effective against a fungal infection?

Accepted Answer

Fungi are eukaryotes and have different cellular structures than bacteria.

Question 4

Which process is primarily responsible for moving water and dissolved minerals upward through the xylem in plants?

Accepted Answer

Transpiration

Question 5

A culture plate shows a large clear zone around an antibiotic disk. What does this indicate about the bacteria in that area?

Accepted Answer

The bacteria are sensitive to the antibiotic.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of stomata on plant leaves?

Accepted Answer

They regulate gas exchange and water loss.

Question 7

Which organ is found in the thoracic cavity?

Accepted Answer

Lungs

Question 8

The right side of the human heart pumps blood to which area?

Accepted Answer

The lungs

Question 9

What is the physiological source of systolic blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Contraction of the ventricles

Question 10

Which of the following best defines a population's carrying capacity ($$K$$)?

Accepted Answer

The maximum number of individuals an environment can support sustainably

Question 11

On Isle Royale, the moose and wolf populations show a cyclic pattern of growth and decline. What is the most likely explanation for this pattern?

Accepted Answer

Predator-prey interactions cause the populations to fluctuate in response to each other.

Question 12

Which of the following is the source of genetic variation between individuals in a population?

Accepted Answer

Genetic mutations

Question 13

A monohybrid cross involves which of the following?

Accepted Answer

One gene with two alleles

Question 14

If a flat periwinkle snail population is exposed to increased predation by crabs, what is the most likely evolutionary response regarding shell thickness?

Accepted Answer

Snails with thicker shells will become more common due to natural selection.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes how sugars are transported in the phloem of plants?

Accepted Answer

By movement from sources to sinks along a concentration gradient

Question 16

Which symbol is used to represent an affected female in a pedigree plot?

Accepted Answer

A filled circle

Question 17

A student measures the heights of 50 plants and wants to display the frequency of each height range. Which type of graph should they use?

Accepted Answer

Histogram

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why a sex-linked dominant trait is more likely to appear in both males and females in every generation?

Accepted Answer

The gene is located on a sex chromosome and only one copy is needed for the trait to be expressed.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes how diastolic blood pressure is measured?

Accepted Answer

It is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxed between beats.

Question 20

If a child is affected by an autosomal dominant disorder but both parents are unaffected, what is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

A new mutation occurred in the child.

Comprehensive Study Guide: Genetics, Physiology, and Ecology Concepts for Biology Lab Final

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