Question 1

Which of the following best explains why glucose produced the most CO$$_2$$ during the yeast fermentation experiment compared to maltose and starch?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a monosaccharide and can be metabolized directly by yeast, leading to faster fermentation.

Question 2

During alcoholic fermentation in yeast, which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

Acetaldehyde

Question 3

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes mitosis from meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis involves one round of division and produces diploid cells; meiosis involves two rounds and produces haploid cells.

Question 4

In the cell cycle, which stage is typically the longest?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Question 5

A plant cell and an animal cell are both undergoing cytokinesis. Which statement best describes a key difference between them?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells build a cell plate.

Question 6

A woman with genotype $$I^A I^O$$ and a man with genotype $$I^B I^O$$ have a child. What is the probability that their child will have blood type AB?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 7

Which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Ligase

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?

Accepted Answer

To amplify a specific segment of DNA

Question 9

During gel electrophoresis, why do DNA fragments move through the gel?

Accepted Answer

Because the buffer solution creates a current that pulls negatively charged DNA toward the positive electrode

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in PCR?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation $$\rightarrow$$ Annealing $$\rightarrow$$ Extension

Question 11

A DNA sequence changes from $$5'	ext{-}ATG\,GCC\,TAA	ext{-}3' to$$ $$5'	ext{-}ATG\,GCA\,TAA	ext{-}3'. $$What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Missense mutation

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between genetic and communicable diseases?

Accepted Answer

Genetic diseases are inherited through DNA mutations, while communicable diseases are caused by infectious agents.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of restriction enzymes in gene cloning?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific sequences to allow insertion of desired genes.

Question 14

If a DNA sample undergoes 5 cycles of PCR, how many copies of the original DNA fragment will be present? (Assume perfect doubling each cycle.)

Accepted Answer

$$32$$

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a frameshift mutation?

Accepted Answer

A single base is inserted, altering the reading frame.

Question 16

In natural selection, what does 'differential survival' mean?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why a silent mutation does not affect the phenotype?

Accepted Answer

It does not change the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code.

Question 18

Which process results in genetic variation during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I

Question 19

A scientist wants to compare the DNA of three suspects to a crime scene sample using gel electrophoresis. What result would indicate a match?

Accepted Answer

The suspect's DNA bands are in the same positions as the crime scene sample.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of a plasmid in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a vector to carry foreign genes into bacteria.

Comprehensive Study Notes: Cellular Respiration, Cell Division, Genetics, Biotechnology, Mutations, and Evolution

Study Guide - Practice Questions