Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of Rubisco in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

Rubisco catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP), forming 3-phosphoglycerate.

Question 2

A plant cell is exposed to light of wavelength 700 nm. Which pigment is most likely to absorb this light, and what is the significance for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a; it is the primary pigment in the reaction center of photosystem I.

Question 3

During the light reactions of photosynthesis, electrons flow from water to NADP$$^+$$ via a series of carriers. Which of the following correctly represents the linear electron flow?

Accepted Answer

Water $$\rightarrow$$ Photosystem II $$\rightarrow$$ Cytochrome b6f $$\rightarrow$$ Photosystem I $$\rightarrow$$ NADP$$^+$$

Question 4

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before proceeding to anaphase?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase checkpoint

Question 5

A cell with 2n = 46 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each gamete contain after meiosis is complete?

Accepted Answer

23

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction leads to genetically diverse offspring?

Accepted Answer

It includes crossing over, independent assortment, and random fertilization.

Question 7

In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants (Aa x Aa), what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

3:1

Question 8

A person with Down Syndrome has an extra chromosome 21. Which term best describes this chromosomal abnormality?

Accepted Answer

Trisomic

Question 9

Which of the following is a major difference between mitochondrial and chloroplast electron transport chains?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts generate ATP and NADPH, while mitochondria generate ATP and water.

Question 10

If a cell fails to pass the G1 checkpoint, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The cell will enter G0 phase and stop dividing.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the Law of Segregation as proposed by Mendel?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation, so each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.

Question 12

A cell with a mutation in the p53 gene is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Fail to arrest the cell cycle in response to DNA damage, increasing cancer risk.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the 10% rule in energy transfer within ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Only 10% of the energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next level.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I.

Question 15

A fruit fly with genotype X$$^wY is $$crossed with a female with genotype X$$^WX$^w. $$What is the expected proportion of white-eyed male offspring?

Accepted Answer

25%

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why polygenic traits often show continuous variation?

Accepted Answer

They are influenced by multiple genes, each contributing a small effect.

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Formation of gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes, leading to aneuploidy.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the contractile ring during cytokinesis in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It pinches the cell membrane to form a cleavage furrow, separating the two daughter cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with blood type AB, expressing both A and B antigens.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of stomata in plant leaves?

Accepted Answer

Stomata regulate gas exchange, allowing CO$$_2 in $$and O$$_2$$ out.

Comprehensive Study Notes: Photosynthesis, Cell Division, Meiosis, and Mendelian Genetics

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards