$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the emergent properties in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They are properties that arise from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that facilitates life?

Accepted Answer

High reactivity with all organic molecules

Question 3

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The concentration of $$[H^+] is $$greater than $$[OH^-].$$

Question 4

Which functional group is most likely to act as an acid in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 5

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 6

Which process is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of the flow of genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 9

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-world example of a buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The bicarbonate buffer system in blood

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why cell membranes are selectively permeable?

Accepted Answer

The phospholipid bilayer allows some molecules to pass while blocking others based on polarity and size.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of active transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

The sodium-potassium pump moving $$Na^+$$ and $$K^+$$ against their concentration gradients

Question 13

A plant cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Become turgid due to water entering the cell

Question 14

Which law of thermodynamics explains why energy cannot be created or destroyed?

Accepted Answer

First law of thermodynamics

Question 15

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by:

Accepted Answer

Lowering the activation energy barrier

Question 16

Which environmental factor does NOT typically affect enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Light intensity

Question 17

During aerobic cellular respiration, the maximum ATP yield per glucose molecule is:

Accepted Answer

About 30 or 32 ATP

Question 18

Which process results in the formation of four genetically unique haploid cells?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles.

Question 20

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA helix during replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Core Principles and Foundations of Biology: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions