Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the hepatic portal system in digestion?

Accepted Answer

It transports nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver for processing.

Question 2

Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract wall is primarily responsible for peristalsis and segmentation?

Accepted Answer

Muscularis

Question 3

A patient is unable to digest fats efficiently due to a blockage in the bile duct. Which organ's function is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Gallbladder

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the swallowing process?

Accepted Answer

Tongue pushes bolus into pharynx → epiglottis closes airway → peristalsis moves food down esophagus

Question 5

Which enzyme is responsible for the initial breakdown of starch in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 6

A person with lactose intolerance lacks which enzyme, and what is the physiological consequence after consuming dairy?

Accepted Answer

Lactase; undigested lactose is fermented by bacteria, causing gas and diarrhea

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why peptic ulcers can develop in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Loss of the protective mucus barrier allows acid to erode the mucosa

Question 8

Which process is described by the equation below, and where does it primarily occur?

$$	ext{Polysaccharides} \xrightarrow{	ext{amylase}} 	ext{Monosaccharides}$$

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate digestion in the mouth and small intestine

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of water and temporary storage of waste

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the absorption of fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chylomicrons are formed in epithelial cells and enter lacteals before reaching the bloodstream.

Question 11

A person consumes a meal high in protein. Which sequence correctly describes the enzymes involved in protein digestion from stomach to small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin → trypsin → chymotrypsin

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the pancreas in digestion?

Accepted Answer

It secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.

Question 13

Which of the following is a complete protein source?

Accepted Answer

Soy protein

Question 14

Which vitamin is synthesized by intestinal microbiota in the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered unhealthy?

Accepted Answer

They raise LDL cholesterol, increasing the risk of heart disease.

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the energy balance required for weight maintenance?

$$	ext{Energy intake} = 	ext{Energy expenditure}$$

Accepted Answer

Energy intake equals energy expenditure

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with a peptic ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori. What is the most appropriate treatment?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics and antacids

Question 18

Which of the following is a trace mineral required in the diet?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for absorption.

Question 20

Which of the following is a recommended dietary guideline for maintaining health?

Accepted Answer

Eat a variety of foods from all food groups.

Digestive System: Structure, Function, and Nutrition

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