Question 1

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered alive by scientists?

Accepted Answer

They cannot replicate or transcribe DNA without a host cell.

Question 2

The Miller-Urey experiment demonstrated that organic molecules could be synthesized abiotically on early Earth. Which of the following was a key finding from their experiment?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids and other organic molecules formed from simple gases and energy input.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the viral envelope in animal viruses?

Accepted Answer

Protects the viral genome from host enzymes.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

The virus immediately takes over the host cell machinery to produce new viruses, leading to cell lysis.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence in the hypothesized origin of life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of organic molecules → formation of protocells → self-replicating molecules

Question 6

Which of the following statements about prokaryotes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are the primary decomposers and recyclers of nutrients on Earth.

Question 7

Which bacterial structure is responsible for transferring DNA during conjugation?

Accepted Answer

Sex pilus

Question 8

What is the evolutionary significance of the amniotic egg?

Accepted Answer

It allowed vertebrates to reproduce away from water, enabling the radiation of terrestrial vertebrates.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of mycorrhizae in plant nutrition?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for water and nutrient absorption.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer; gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane and a thin peptidoglycan layer.

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to mammals?

Accepted Answer

Production of milk by mammary glands

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the RNA world hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

RNA molecules were likely the first genetic material because they can both store information and catalyze reactions.

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-world example of how humans have impacted the evolution of organisms?

Accepted Answer

The development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria due to overuse of antibiotics.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the flower in angiosperms?

Accepted Answer

It helps bring male and female gametes together for fertilization.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of cyanobacteria in the Oxygen Revolution?

Accepted Answer

They were the first organisms to evolve oxygenic photosynthesis, increasing atmospheric oxygen.

Question 16

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of Archaea compared to Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Archaea have unique membrane lipids not found in Bacteria.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the alternation of generations in plants?

Accepted Answer

The gametophyte is haploid and produces gametes via mitosis.

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible reason why emerging viruses can suddenly start infecting humans?

Accepted Answer

Genetic changes (mutations or recombination) allow the virus to infect new hosts.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the cuticle in land plants?

Accepted Answer

It prevents water loss by forming a waterproof barrier on the surface of leaves.

Diversity of Life: Viruses, Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, Plants, Fungi, and Animals (Ch. 17, 24–27) – Study Guide

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