Question 1

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the parental double helix at the replication fork?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand.

Question 3

A mutation occurs that prevents the formation of Okazaki fragments. Which enzyme is most likely nonfunctional?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 4

Which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 5

Which of the following statements about chromatin is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Euchromatin is less compact and more accessible for gene expression.

Question 6

A scientist is studying gene expression and wants to increase transcription of a gene. Which chromatin state should she target to make the gene more accessible?

Accepted Answer

Euchromatin

Question 7

Which of the following is required for RNA polymerase to start transcription at the correct location on DNA?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 8

Which of the following statements about tRNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

The anticodon is a sequence that pairs with the mRNA codon.

Question 9

A mutation in the spliceosome prevents it from functioning. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Introns will be retained in the mature mRNA.

Question 10

Which site on the ribosome is responsible for accepting incoming tRNA molecules during translation?

Accepted Answer

A site

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why DNA replication is considered 'semi-conservative'?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one parental and one new strand.

Question 12

If a cell is unable to synthesize RNA primers during DNA replication, which enzyme is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 13

A patient has a genetic disorder that results in a lack of genetic diversity in their cells. Which process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during meiosis

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

Unwinding the DNA double helix

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the base pairing rule in DNA?

Accepted Answer

$$A = T$$ and $$C = G$$

Question 16

A researcher finds that a mature mRNA contains only exons. What process ensured this outcome?

Accepted Answer

Splicing by the spliceosome

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of Okazaki fragments in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

They are short DNA fragments synthesized on the lagging strand.

Question 18

A cell is exposed to a chemical that inhibits DNA ligase. What is the most likely effect on DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Okazaki fragments will not be joined together.

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct result of complementary base pairing during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each daughter DNA molecule is identical to the parent DNA.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why only the template strand of DNA is used during transcription?

Accepted Answer

The template strand provides the correct sequence for complementary RNA synthesis.

DNA Replication, Chromatin Structure, and Gene Expression: Final Exam Review

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