Question 1

Which experiment provided evidence that DNA is the genetic material responsible for inheritance in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Griffith's transformation experiment

Question 2

What is the correct base pairing in DNA according to Chargaff's rules?

Accepted Answer

$$A = T$$, $$G = C$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the structure of a DNA nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group + deoxyribose sugar + nitrogenous base

Question 4

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the new DNA strand by adding nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 5

What is the function of histones in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They package and organize DNA into nucleosomes

Question 6

Which statement about the antiparallel nature of DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5' to 3', the other runs 3' to 5'

Question 7

Which process describes the separation of DNA strands to allow replication to begin?

Accepted Answer

Unwinding by helicase

Question 8

In the Meselson-Stahl experiment, what was the key finding about DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication is semi-conservative

Question 9

Which of the following is a purine base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine

Question 10

What is the role of RNA primer during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It provides a starting point for DNA polymerase

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why Okazaki fragments are formed during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction, so the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously

Question 12

Which scientist used X-ray diffraction to help determine the double helix structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Rosalind Franklin

Question 13

If a DNA molecule contains 30% adenine, what percentage of guanine would you expect to find?

Accepted Answer

20%

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing metabolic reactions

Question 15

What is the sugar found in DNA nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribose

Question 16

Which enzyme relieves the tension created by unwinding the DNA helix during replication?

Accepted Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments

Question 18

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA packaging?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic DNA is packaged with histones into nucleosomes, prokaryotic DNA is not

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the backbone of a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Alternating phosphate and deoxyribose groups

Question 20

Which process ensures that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genetic material during cell division?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

DNA Structure, Function, and Replication

Study Guide - Practice Questions