Question 1

Which of the following is a defining feature of cells in the Domain Eukarya compared to prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

They have a well-developed cytoskeleton.

Question 2

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which organelle in eukaryotic cells is most closely related to cyanobacteria?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 3

Which process is responsible for the evolution of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Endosymbiosis with an ancestral aerobic bacterium

Question 4

Protists are defined by what they are NOT. Which of the following is NOT a protist?

Accepted Answer

A multicellular fungus

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why cyanobacteria and chloroplasts are considered similar?

Accepted Answer

Both contain thylakoid membranes and perform oxygenic photosynthesis.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the general process of oxygenic photosynthesis in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the evolution of multicellularity in green algae is correct?

Accepted Answer

Multicellularity evolved through a series of steps from unicellular to colonial to multicellular forms.

Question 8

Which of the following metabolic strategies is NOT found among protists?

Accepted Answer

Chemoautotrophy

Question 9

A scientist discovers a unicellular organism in a pond that has membrane-bound organelles, performs photosynthesis, and reproduces sexually. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the origin of eukaryotic cells according to current scientific understanding?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotes through a combination of membrane infolding and endosymbiosis.

Question 11

Which of the following is a major difference between photosynthesis in eukaryotes and purple bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes use $H_2O$ as an electron donor, while purple bacteria use sulfur compounds.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most protists?

Accepted Answer

They are mostly multicellular.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why new classifications of protists reflect monophyletic lineages?

Accepted Answer

They group organisms that share a common ancestor.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about sexual reproduction in protists?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction in protists can involve alternation of generations.

Question 15

Which of the following is a plausible reason why multicellularity evolved multiple times in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Multicellularity provides advantages such as division of labor and increased size.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct comparison between eukaryotic and prokaryotic photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes use thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts, while prokaryotes use thylakoid membranes in the cytoplasm.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of endosymbiosis in the evolution of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It led to the formation of mitochondria and chloroplasts from engulfed prokaryotes.

Question 18

A researcher is studying a protist that can switch between photosynthesis and heterotrophy depending on environmental conditions. What is the term for this metabolic strategy?

Accepted Answer

Mixotrophy

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the supergroups of eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

They reflect evolutionary relationships based on shared ancestry.

Domain Eukarya and Protist Diversity: Structure, Evolution, and Photosynthesis

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