Q: During cellular respiration, which of the following equations correctly represents the overall chemical reaction?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 \ O_2$ \rightarrow 6 \ CO_2$ + 6 \ H_2O + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for endergonic reactions by hydrolysis of its terminal phosphate group.

Question 2

During cellular respiration, which of the following equations correctly represents the overall chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 \ O_2$ ightarrow 6 \ CO_2$ + 6 \ H_2O + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 3

Which statement about the laws of thermodynamics as they apply to biological systems is correct?

Accepted Answer

The first law states that the total amount of energy in the universe is constant, and the second law states that every energy conversion increases entropy.

Question 4

A cell needs to drive a non-spontaneous (endergonic) reaction. Which strategy does it use to accomplish this?

Accepted Answer

It couples the endergonic reaction with an exergonic reaction, such as ATP hydrolysis.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why energy is lost as heat during metabolic processes?

Accepted Answer

Because the second law of thermodynamics states that some energy is always lost as heat, increasing entropy.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of proteins from amino acids during translation.

Question 7

In the context of redox reactions, what happens to a molecule that is reduced?

Accepted Answer

It gains electrons and often stores energy.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about NADH is correct?

Accepted Answer

NADH is a reduced carrier that temporarily stores high-energy electrons.

Question 9

A scientist measures the energy released from ATP hydrolysis as $$7.3$$ kcal/mol. What is the most likely explanation for this energy release?

Accepted Answer

The repulsion between the negatively charged phosphate groups in ATP is relieved when the terminal phosphate is removed.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the global energy cycle?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis stores energy in glucose, while cellular respiration releases that energy for use by cells.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct definition of Gibbs free energy ($$\Delta G) in a $$chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G is $$the energy available to do work, equal to the total energy minus the energy lost to entropy.

Question 12

A patient is unable to efficiently break down glucose for energy. Which cellular process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of activated carriers like NADH and FADH$$_2 in $$metabolism?

Accepted Answer

They store electrons temporarily and transfer them to other molecules during redox reactions.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of energetic coupling in a cell?

Accepted Answer

The use of ATP hydrolysis to drive the synthesis of macromolecules.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about metabolic pathways is correct?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic pathways build large molecules from small ones and require energy.

Question 16

A researcher adds a chemical to a reaction that lowers the activation energy. What effect will this have on the reaction?

Accepted Answer

The reaction will proceed more quickly.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why glucose is considered a high-energy molecule?

Accepted Answer

It contains many reduced carbon atoms with high-energy electrons.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the flow of energy in ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Energy flows from the sun to producers to consumers, with some energy lost as heat at each step.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of homeostasis in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment, requiring energy to regulate conditions such as temperature and pH.

BIO181- 3.1: Energy and ATP (UNIT3-Energy & Metabolism)

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