Q: A plant cell is exposed to sunlight and water. Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of photosynthesis?

$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{Light Energy} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the law of conservation of energy as it applies to living systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be converted from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 2

A plant cell is exposed to sunlight and water. Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{Light Energy} ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$

Question 3

Why do plants appear green to the human eye?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll reflects green light and absorbs blue/violet and red light.

Question 4

During the light reactions of photosynthesis, what is the primary role of water ($H_2O$)?

Accepted Answer

To supply electrons by being split, releasing oxygen as a by-product.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why both plants and animals need to perform cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To convert chemical energy in sugars into ATP, which powers cellular work.

Question 6

A poison that blocks the electron transport chain in mitochondria would have what immediate effect on a human cell?

Accepted Answer

It would prevent the cell from producing ATP efficiently, leading to rapid cell death.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct comparison between aerobic respiration and fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration produces more ATP per glucose molecule than fermentation.

Question 8

In a marathon runner's muscle cells, what process is most likely to occur when oxygen is depleted during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation, producing lactic acid and a small amount of ATP.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration.

Question 10

A yeast cell is placed in an anaerobic environment with abundant glucose. What are the likely products of its metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide and ethanol (alcohol)

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{Energy}$

Question 12

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 13

A student claims that the mass of a large tree comes primarily from the soil. Using the photosynthesis equation, what is the main source of the tree's mass?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide absorbed from the air

Question 14

Which molecule acts as the main energy currency in cells, transferring energy for cellular work?

Accepted Answer

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 15

During which stage of cellular respiration is glucose split into two molecules of pyruvic acid?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why heat is produced as a by-product during energy conversions in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is always lost as heat due to increased entropy in every energy conversion.

Question 17

A person eats a meal high in carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Which statement best describes how these macromolecules are used in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all feed into cellular respiration to generate ATP.

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct output of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A three-carbon sugar (G3P)

Question 19

If a plant's chloroplasts were damaged and could not perform the light reactions, which of the following would be the most immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

The plant would be unable to produce ATP and NADPH needed for the Calvin cycle.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes entropy in the context of living systems?

Accepted Answer

Entropy is the amount of disorder in a system, and it increases with every energy conversion.

Energy and Life: Study Notes for General Biology

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