Question 1

Which of the following best describes thermal energy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy caused by the vibration and movement of atoms and molecules within substances

Question 2

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy is conserved; it cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of potential energy in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

The energy stored in the bonds of glucose

Question 4

A chemical reaction in a cell requires reactants to collide with sufficient kinetic energy to overcome electron repulsion. Which factor would NOT increase the rate of this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the temperature

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why thermal energy is considered 'waste' for living systems?

Accepted Answer

It is hard to harness and cannot be used to do work efficiently

Question 6

Which of the following reactions represents a condensation (synthesis) reaction?

Accepted Answer

Monomer + Monomer $\rightarrow$ Polymer + H$_2$O

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

The entropy of an isolated system will tend to increase over time

Question 8

Which bond has the highest potential energy according to the electron sharing diagram?

Accepted Answer

C—H bond

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a form of kinetic energy?

Accepted Answer

Gravity

Question 10

A student mixes carbon dioxide and water in a closed container. The reaction $\mathrm{CO_2 + H_2O \rightleftharpoons H_2CO_3}$ occurs. Which change will increase the rate of formation of $\mathrm{H_2CO_3}$?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the temperature

Question 11

Which statement about macromolecules and energy is correct?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of macromolecules requires energy input

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Polymer + H$_2$O $\rightarrow$ Monomer + Monomer

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of organic molecules important for life?

Accepted Answer

They usually contain carbon-carbon bonds and can form limitless molecular shapes

Question 14

Which of the following is true about entropy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Entropy tends to increase, leading to greater disorder

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a potential energy form listed in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Thermal energy

Question 16

Which process in metabolism releases energy and involves water splitting polymers into monomers?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis (breakdown)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between kinetic and potential energy at the atomic scale?

Accepted Answer

Most forms of energy are a mixture of kinetic energy, stored energy, and radiation

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about chemical reactions in living systems?

Accepted Answer

Chemical reactions require reactants to collide in the correct orientation and with sufficient kinetic energy

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of energy transformation in a living organism?

Accepted Answer

Light energy is transformed into chemical energy during photosynthesis

Energy and Macromolecules in Biological Systems

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