Question 1

Which statement best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP shuttles chemical energy by transferring a phosphate group to other molecules, driving endergonic reactions.

Question 2

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for cellular reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy barrier, allowing reactions to proceed faster at cellular temperatures.

Question 5

During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into which molecule?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 6

Which statement about energy coupling in cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy coupling uses energy released from exergonic reactions to drive endergonic reactions.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a redox reaction in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The movement of electrons from glucose to oxygen, where glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced.

Question 8

What is the main function of the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To supply electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are transferred to oxygen via the electron transport chain, generating ATP through chemiosmosis.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about enzyme inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site, blocking substrate binding.

Question 11

Which of the following factors can affect enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Temperature, pH, and the presence of cofactors.

Question 12

Which statement about the second law of thermodynamics is correct?

Accepted Answer

Every energy transformation increases the disorder, or entropy, of the universe.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that releases energy to the surroundings.

Question 14

What is the main source of energy for life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

Light energy from the sun.

Question 15

Which of the following correctly describes the ATP cycle?

Accepted Answer

ATP is continually regenerated by phosphorylation of ADP, and hydrolysis of ATP releases energy for cellular work.

Question 16

Which process occurs in the mitochondria and generates the most ATP during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is produced by transferring a phosphate group directly from a substrate to ADP.

Question 18

Which molecule is oxidized and which is reduced in the following reaction: $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O}$?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is oxidized; oxygen is reduced.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the structure of ATP?

Accepted Answer

ATP contains three phosphate groups attached to adenosine.

Question 20

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most NADH and FADH$_2$?

Accepted Answer

Citric acid cycle

Energy, Enzymes, and Cellular Respiration: Study Notes for General Biology

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