Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy in a biological context?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored energy due to position or structure, such as the energy stored in chemical bonds; kinetic energy is the energy of motion, such as the movement of molecules.

Question 2

In the context of cellular respiration, which of the following statements about free energy ($$\Delta G) is $$correct?

Accepted Answer

For an exergonic reaction, $$\Delta G is $$negative, indicating that the reaction releases energy.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its high-energy phosphate bonds, which can be hydrolyzed to release energy for cellular work.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of energy coupling in cells?

Accepted Answer

Using the energy released from ATP hydrolysis ($$\Delta G = -7.3$$ kcal/mol) to drive an endergonic reaction with $$\Delta G = +5.5$$ kcal/mol.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy ($$E_a) of a $$reaction but do not change the overall $$\Delta G.$$

Question 6

A competitive inhibitor affects an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and preventing substrate binding.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits an enzyme that acts early in the pathway, thus regulating its own production.

Question 8

During glycolysis, what are the net products for each molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate

Question 9

Which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (ETC) during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 10

If cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase in the ETC, what is the most immediate effect on cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport stops, preventing ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is required for aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing the chain to continue functioning.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group from an organic substrate to ADP to form ATP.

Question 13

Which of the following is regenerated during fermentation to allow glycolysis to continue?

Accepted Answer

NAD+

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an electron carrier, accepting electrons and becoming reduced to NADH.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why living cells are not at chemical equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Cells are open systems with constant input and output of materials, preventing equilibrium.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways break down complex molecules and release energy; anabolic pathways build complex molecules and consume energy.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the movement of electrons during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are transferred from glucose to NAD+, then to the electron transport chain, and finally to oxygen.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the induced fit model of enzyme function?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme changes shape slightly to better fit the substrate upon binding.

Question 19

Which of the following factors can increase the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, assuming the enzyme is not saturated?

Accepted Answer

Increasing substrate concentration

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes: Study Guide for General Biology

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