Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP through aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 2

The inner membrane of the mitochondrion is highly folded to increase surface area. What is the name of these folds?

Accepted Answer

Cristae

Question 3

Which statement best explains why mitochondria have their own DNA?

Accepted Answer

They evolved from free-living prokaryotes through endosymbiosis.

Question 4

In the process of photosynthesis, which organelle captures energy from sunlight and converts it into glucose?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 5

Which pigment is responsible for capturing light energy in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll

Question 6

The Endosymbiotic Theory suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from:

Accepted Answer

Symbiotic relationships between ancient eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Question 7

Which structure within the chloroplast contains chlorophyll and is the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid

Question 8

If a mutation occurred in the mitochondrial DNA, which parent would most likely pass this mutation to their offspring?

Accepted Answer

Only the mother

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents aerobic cellular respiration in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$

Question 10

Which part of the mitochondrion contains enzymes, proteins, ribosomes, and mitochondrial DNA?

Accepted Answer

Matrix

Question 11

During photosynthesis, the fluid surrounding the thylakoids where the Calvin cycle occurs is called:

Accepted Answer

Stroma

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT evidence supporting the Endosymbiotic Theory for mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They are found only in animal cells.

Question 13

A scientist isolates a cell and observes that it contains grana, thylakoids, and stroma. What type of cell is this most likely?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 14

Which process occurs in the cristae of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain of cellular respiration

Question 15

If a cell's mitochondria are damaged and cannot function, which of the following would most likely decrease?

Accepted Answer

ATP production

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between surface area and ATP production in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Increased surface area leads to increased ATP production.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct comparison between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both have their own DNA and double membranes.

Question 18

A mutation in the gene encoding for a protein in the mitochondrial matrix would most likely affect which process?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + light \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$

Question 20

Which of the following would be most affected in a plant cell lacking thylakoids?

Accepted Answer

Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis

Energy Organelles and Cellular Structures in Eukaryotic Cells

Study Guide - Practice Questions