Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy barrier.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that alters the amino acid sequence of a specific enzyme. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme's active site shape may change, reducing its specificity and efficiency.

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$$

Question 4

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and ATP synthesis

Question 5

A marathon runner experiences muscle fatigue and soreness after a race. Which process is most responsible for the buildup of lactic acid in her muscles?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic fermentation due to insufficient oxygen

Question 6

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why males generally have a higher basal metabolic rate (BMR) than females?

Accepted Answer

Males have higher levels of testosterone, which increases fat breakdown and muscle mass.

Question 8

A person is fasting and has depleted their carbohydrate stores. Which macromolecule will their body most likely metabolize next for energy?

Accepted Answer

Fats

Question 9

Which of the following is a direct result of extreme dieting and rapid weight loss, as observed in participants of 'The Biggest Loser'?

Accepted Answer

Long-term decrease in metabolic rate

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD$$^+ in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It transports electrons from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain.

Question 11

A fit athlete has a BMI in the 'overweight' category. What is the most likely explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

BMI tables do not distinguish between lean muscle mass and body fat.

Question 12

Which of the following conditions is associated with both bulimia and anorexia?

Accepted Answer

Amenorrhea

Question 13

Which of the following best defines metabolism?

Accepted Answer

All of the chemical reactions occurring in the body

Question 14

Which step of cellular respiration does NOT require oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 15

Which of the following is a health risk associated with severe obesity (BMI \u003e 40)?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of type 2 diabetes

Question 16

Which of the following statements about lactic acid fermentation in muscle cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

It regenerates NAD$$^+ so $$glycolysis can continue producing ATP.

Question 17

Which part of the ATP molecule is removed to release energy for cellular work?

Accepted Answer

The last negatively charged phosphate group

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of amenorrhea in women with anorexia?

Accepted Answer

Lower bone density and risk of osteoporosis

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why extreme dieting does NOT prevent obesity in the long term?

Accepted Answer

It causes the body to use calories more efficiently and lowers metabolic rate.

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the metabolism of proteins during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are broken down into amino acids, which can enter the citric acid cycle after removal of the amino group.

Enzymes, Metabolism, Cellular Respiration, and Body Weight: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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