$\text{Parent mitochondrion} \rightarrow 2 \times \text{Daughter mitochondria}$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the first eukaryotic groups to appear around 1.8 billion years ago?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 2

What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

To allow the cell to change shape using internal filaments

Question 3

According to the endosymbiosis theory, which event led to the formation of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

An archaeon engulfed an α-proteobacterium

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT evidence supporting the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They produce cellulose for the cell wall

Question 5

Eukaryotes developed the ability to change shape to engulf food through which process?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 6

Cells that move by crawling, like amoebas, use which specialized structures?

Accepted Answer

Pseudopodia ('false feet')

Question 7

Which molecule forms the cell wall in plants and some algae?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 8

What is the main difference between multicellular and unicellular eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Multicellular eukaryotes have specialized cells that perform different functions

Question 9

Which of the following best describes cell adhesion in multicellular eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

It links unicellular organisms together to form a colony

Question 10

If a eukaryotic cell loses its cytoskeleton, which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

The cell would be unable to change shape or move effectively

Question 11

Which equation best represents the process of binary fission in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Parent mitochondrion} ightarrow 2 	imes 	ext{Daughter mitochondria}$

Question 12

A scientist observes a cell with circular DNA, double membranes, and division by binary fission. What organelle is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 13

Which of the following statements about endosymbiosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells

Question 14

Which of the following cell wall components is found in fungi?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 15

A multicellular organism is observed to have at least two cell types. What does this suggest about its evolutionary development?

Accepted Answer

It likely evolved from unicellular ancestors through cell adhesion and specialization

Question 16

Which process allows eukaryotic cells to engulf large particles or other cells?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

A cyanobacterium living inside a eukaryotic cell to form a chloroplast

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts have unique ribosome shapes and sizes?

Accepted Answer

They originated from prokaryotic ancestors through endosymbiosis

Question 19

If a eukaryotic cell is unable to form pseudopodia, which function would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Crawling movement

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the evolutionary advantage of multicellularity?

Accepted Answer

It allows for cell specialization and division of labor among cells

Eukaryotes: Origin, Structure, and Evolutionary Features

Study Guide - Practice Questions