Question 1

Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic cells but NOT in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound nucleus

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a double membrane-bound organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes. Which organelle is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and membrane production

Question 4

A mutation disrupts the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Modification and sorting of proteins

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the photosynthetic process occurring in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes can be free in the cytosol or bound to the ER, and are responsible for protein synthesis.

Question 7

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 8

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of harmful substances in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical support, cell motility, and transport of materials

Question 10

Which statement best explains the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They originated from prokaryotic cells engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells, forming a symbiotic relationship.

Question 11

A cell is unable to transport newly synthesized proteins to the plasma membrane. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules and recycling of cellular components

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct match between cytoskeletal element and its function?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments – muscle contraction

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 15

A cell is observed to have many vesicles in transit from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. What is the primary function of these vesicles?

Accepted Answer

Transport of newly synthesized proteins

Question 16

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

They are responsible for photosynthesis.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage and maintenance of cell turgor pressure

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the endomembrane system in the synthesis and export of a secretory protein?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Transport vesicle → Plasma membrane

Question 19

Which of the following statements about microtubules is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in chromosome movement during cell division.

Question 20

A cell is unable to digest damaged organelles and macromolecules. Which organelle is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and Organelles

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