Question 1

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembling ribosomal subunits in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 2

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which organelle is thought to have originated from a symbiotic relationship between ancient prokaryotic cells and a host cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of contractile vacuoles in freshwater protists?

Accepted Answer

Dumping out excess water

Question 4

A scientist observes a cell with both an inner and outer membrane, DNA, and ribosomes. The cell is capable of photosynthesis. Which organelle is being described?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents how the surface area $$A of a $$sphere changes as its radius $$r$$ increases?

Accepted Answer

$$A = 4 \pi r^2$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are the site of cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells.

Question 7

A plant cell is observed to have a large organelle that stores water and organic compounds. What is this organelle called?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Assembly of ribosomal subunits

Question 9

The inner membrane of chloroplasts is most similar to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The inner membrane of mitochondria

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the production of new mitochondria inside eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Division of mitochondria already present in the cell

Question 11

If the volume $$V of a $$spherical cell increases according to $$V = \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$, how does the surface area to volume ratio change as the cell grows larger?

Accepted Answer

It decreases

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the endosymbiotic theory for eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of double membranes in mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 13

A mutation prevents the formation of the nucleolus in a eukaryotic cell. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 14

Which organelle is found in nearly all eukaryotic cells, including plants, and is essential for energy production?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why plant cells have both mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria produce energy from organic molecules, while chloroplasts convert sunlight into chemical energy.

Question 16

Which of the following structures is NOT found in animal cells but is present in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 17

A cell is observed to have chromatin, a nuclear envelope, and a nucleolus. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the stroma in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Site of the Calvin cycle (carbon fixation)

Question 19

If a cell's surface area is $$A = 4 \pi r^2$ and its volume is V$$ = \frac{4}{3} \pi $$r^3$$, what is the formula for the surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{A}{V} = \frac{3}{r}$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes chromatin?

Accepted Answer

A complex of DNA and protein found in the nucleus

Eukaryotic Cell Structure and the Endosymbiotic Theory

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