Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can carry out more complex metabolic processes than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain internal membranes that compartmentalize functions, allowing specialized environments for different metabolic reactions.

Question 2

A major structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is:

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have their DNA enclosed in a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells have their DNA concentrated in a region not membrane-enclosed.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins and carbohydrate side chains.

Question 4

Why is the surface area to volume ratio important for cells?

Accepted Answer

A higher surface area to volume ratio facilitates the exchange of materials between the cell and its environment.

Question 5

Given a cell with a diameter of 2 $	ext{\mu m}$, calculate its approximate surface area and volume, assuming it is spherical. Use the formulas $A = 4\pi r^2$ and $V = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$. What is the surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

Surface area: $4\pi$ $	ext{\mu m}^2$, Volume: $\frac{4}{3}\pi$ $	ext{\mu m}^3$, Ratio: $3/1 = 3$

Question 6

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 7

A scientist observes a cell with a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA located in a nucleoid region. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selective barrier, regulating the passage of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 9

If a cell increases in size such that its linear dimension doubles, how does its surface area to volume ratio change?

Accepted Answer

It decreases.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of internal membranes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing DNA

Question 11

Which statement about the cytoplasm is true?

Accepted Answer

In eukaryotic cells, the cytoplasm refers to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane.

Question 12

Why do eukaryotic cells tend to be larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that allow for compartmentalization and increased metabolic capacity.

Question 13

Which of the following is a consequence of a cell having a low surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty in exchanging materials, limiting cell size

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the composition of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins and carbohydrate side chains

Question 15

A cell is observed to have extensive internal membranes, a nucleus, and organelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. What type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of enzymes embedded in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They catalyze metabolic reactions specific to the membrane's function.

Question 17

If a cube-shaped cell has a side length of $2\ 	ext{\mu m}$, what is its surface area to volume ratio? Use $A = 6a^2$ and $V = a^3$.

Accepted Answer

Surface area: $24\ 	ext{\mu m}^2$, Volume: $8\ 	ext{\mu m}^3$, Ratio: $3$

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the evolutionary relationship between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells evolved before eukaryotic cells.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about organelles is correct?

Accepted Answer

Organelles are membrane-bound structures found only in eukaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic Cells: Internal Membranes and Compartmentalization

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