Question 1

Which of the following is a major structural difference between eukaryotic cells and bacteria/archaea?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while bacteria/archaea do not.

Question 2

Which organelle is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

What is the primary function of the nuclear lamina?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support to the nucleus

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of rRNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly.

Question 5

After transcription of a gene on DNA, mRNA is created. What is the next step in the process of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

mRNA is translated by ribosomes to synthesize a protein.

Question 6

Which of the following organelles is directly involved in the synthesis and export of proteins destined for the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

A protein destined for secretion from a cell is synthesized on ribosomes attached to the rough ER. Which sequence of events correctly describes its path?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → vesicle → plasma membrane

Question 8

Which of the following statements about vesicles in eukaryotic cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Vesicles can fuse with other organelles because their membranes are similar in structure.

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for the further modification and sorting of proteins received from the rough ER?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of drugs and synthesis of lipids

Question 11

Lysosomes are only present in animal cells. What is their primary function?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules and recycling of cellular components

Question 12

Which of the following best describes euchromatin?

Accepted Answer

Loosely packed DNA, genes active and transcription occurring

Question 13

What is the role of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They control what moves into and out of the nucleus.

Question 14

A cell is exposed to a pulse of radioactive amino acids, followed by a chase with non-radioactive amino acids. What cellular process is being tracked?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and trafficking through the endomembrane system

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about the hypothesis for endomembrane system evolution?

Accepted Answer

Endomembrane organelles were derived from the plasma membrane and are connected or share portions of their membrane.

Question 16

Which of the following steps is NOT part of targeting a protein to the ER?

Accepted Answer

Protein is immediately exported to the mitochondria

Question 17

Which equation best represents the process of translation in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{mRNA} \rightarrow \mathrm{Protein}$

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

It consists of two lipid bilayers and contains nuclear pore complexes.

Question 19

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of most lipids and detoxification of harmful substances?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of DNA replication.

Eukaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and Organelle Systems

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